| 1. |
- Gardelli, Viktor, et al.
(author)
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Why philosophical ethics in school : implications for education in technology and in general
- 2014
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In: Ethics and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-9642 .- 1744-9650. ; 9:1, s. 16-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we distinguish between three approaches to ethics in school, each giving an interpretation of the expression 'ethics in school': the descriptive facts about ethics approach, roughly consisting of teaching empirical facts about moral matters to students; the moral fostering approach, consisting of mediating a set of given values to students; and the philosophical ethics (PE) approach, consisting of critically discussing and evaluating moral issues with students. Thereafter, three influential arguments for why there ought to be ethics in school are discussed, and each argument is interpreted given each approach to ethics in school, respectively. Thereby, we evaluate which interpretation of 'ethics in school' produces the strongest arguments, and thus, which approach is best supported by these arguments. The conclusion is that there ought to be PE in school
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| 2. |
- Persson, Anders J., et al.
(author)
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Privacy at work : ethical criteria
- 2003
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In: Journal of Business Ethics. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 42, s. 59-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New technologies and practices, such as drug testing, genetic testing, and electronic surveillance infringe upon the privacy of workers on workplaces. We argue that employees have a prima facie right to privacy, but this right can be overridden by competing moral principles that follow, explicitly or implicitly, from the contract of employment. We propose a set of criteria for when intrusions into an employee's privacy are justified. Three types of justification are specified, namely those that refer to the employer's interests, to the interests of the employee her- or himself, and to the interests of third parties such as customers and fellow workers. For each of these three types, sub-criteria are proposed that can be used to determine whether a particular infringement into an employee's privacy is morally justified or not.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Anders J.
(author)
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The contract of employment : ethical dimensions
- 2006
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In: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 66:4, s. 407-415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, the nature of the contract of employment is explored from an ethical point of view. It is argued that certain normative arguments should be taken into account in order to justify such a contract. Furthermore, an argument is developed against the claim that (a) the individual's freedom of decision and (b) the practice of institutional arrangements are sufficient to justify a contract of employment. The dimensional analysis offered shows that further conditions are needed: (a) must be elaborated and interpreted to the extent that this condition is not sufficient - rather sub-criteria regarding the agent's state of knowledge must be met; and (b) should be supplemented by a demand for fairness. A tentative analysis of existing work contracts is the starting point for the ethical analysis. The aim is to show what a legitimate, or reasonable, contract of employment will require. Finally, some important normative implications and consequences regarding the contract's normative status are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Anders
(author)
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Occupational and non-occupational health risks : can double standards be justified?
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management. - 1466-8297 .- 1741-5241. ; 10:1/2, s. 160-171
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This essay considers the fact that health and safety standards allow for higher exposures in employees than the general public. The distinction between exposure and risk is proposed as a key determinant for the relevance of arguments put forward to support such double standards. The justifi cation of ‘double standards', for public and occupational (risk) exposure, is linked to two separate types of issues, namely empirical and normative ones. Whether we have reasons for accepting a double standard of protection depends on how we understand the double standardin relation to the distinction between exposures and risks, and emphasis should be placed on the need of normative support of double standards concerning risks. The relation between work-related risks and occupation is discussed and analyzed, and it is argued that arguments for double standards of risks are linked to certain activities rather than to employment or occupation. It is concluded that a justifi cation of this kind of diff erentiation seems not to be supported either by a reasonable conception of the contract of employment or by any obvious ethical principle that is applicable toworkplaces or work situations in general.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Pirinen, Aleksis, et al.
(author)
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Creating and Leveraging a Synthetic Dataset of Cloud Optical Thickness Measures for Cloud Detection in MSI
- 2024
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In: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI. - 2072-4292. ; 16:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cloud formations often obscure optical satellite-based monitoring of the Earth’s surface, thus limiting Earth observation (EO) activities such as land cover mapping, ocean color analysis, and cropland monitoring. The integration of machine learning (ML) methods within the remote sensing domain has significantly improved performance for a wide range of EO tasks, including cloud detection and filtering, but there is still much room for improvement. A key bottleneck is that ML methods typically depend on large amounts of annotated data for training, which are often difficult to come by in EO contexts. This is especially true when it comes to cloud optical thickness (COT) estimation. A reliable estimation of COT enables more fine-grained and application-dependent control compared to using pre-specified cloud categories, as is common practice. To alleviate the COT data scarcity problem, in this work, we propose a novel synthetic dataset for COT estimation, which we subsequently leverage for obtaining reliable and versatile cloud masks on real data. In our dataset, top-of-atmosphere radiances have been simulated for 12 of the spectral bands of the Multispectral Imagery (MSI) sensor onboard Sentinel-2 platforms. These data points have been simulated under consideration of different cloud types, COTs, and ground surface and atmospheric profiles. Extensive experimentation of training several ML models to predict COT from the measured reflectivity of the spectral bands demonstrates the usefulness of our proposed dataset. In particular, by thresholding COT estimates from our ML models, we show on two satellite image datasets (one that is publicly available, and one which we have collected and annotated) that reliable cloud masks can be obtained. The synthetic data, the newly collected real dataset, code and models have been made publicly available.
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